Currently there are 82 FAQs in our database that was last updated 6/5/2006 9:23:55 PM.

Search the database by: Product... Daisy Chain ESP ESP Software Laser Safety MS-3000 MS-5000 MS-510 MS-610 MS-7080 MS-710 MS-850 MS-880 MS-911 Multi Drop PDF417 Power Packs Quadrus Universal Stand VS-310 and/or keyword: 

Hot Topics
Accessories
General Issues
Legacy/Obsolete Products
2D Code Readers
ESP Software
Industrial Bar Code Scanners
OEM/Embedded Bar Code Scanners

Hot Topics:
There are no FAQs in this group

2D Code Readers:

1. How do you set the adaptive threshold value on the Quadrus?
2. Which software is used to configure an MS-610?

1. How do you set the adaptive threshold value on the Quadrus?
   Adaptive threshold value can be set in the calibration menu. For the Quadrus ESP V3.1, click on calibration, then illuminate. Click on more settings and you will see an option for threshold type. The default should be adaptive. For ESP-MP, click on the calibration button, and the threshold type should be on the tree to the left. Again, the default should be adaptive. more...
   
   
2. Which software is used to configure an MS-610?
   To configure the MS-610 you can use a terminal or terminal program running on a PC. A common application that comes stock with Windows is Hyper Terminal. Follow these steps: 1. Open HyperTerminal: Click on Start Programs Accessories HyperTerminal(folder)Hypertrm.exe 2. Give the session a name and an icon then click OK 3. When prompted to install a modem click Close 4. When the phone number box pops up select connect using: com port the scanner is connected to and click OK 5. COM properties pops up set the following: Bits per second: 9600 Data bits: 7 Parity: Even Stop bits: 1 Flow control: none 6. Click OK 7. Read sample code 39 bar code 8. Change COM settings by selecting File Properties then click the configure button. 9. Set the values per step 5 10. Click OK 11. Apply the settings: Call Disconnect Call Connect 12. The status bar at the bottom of the screen should show 3 boxes: 13. You are now connected more...
   
   

Accessories:

1. How do I connect my scanner to the concentrator in multidrop?
2. How do I consider read range and scan width with the MS-911?
3. How do I mount my Quadrus 2D code reader?
4. How do I setup Quadrus for a moving label appliation?
5. How to save settings done to Quadrus 2D code reader.
6. Is the MS-500 compatible with products other than Microscans?
7. test
8. What are you referring to when you say that scanners are in a multidrop configuration?
9. What does Daisy Chain mean?

1. How do I connect my scanner to the concentrator in multidrop?
   You will need a multidrop concentrator and the required power supplies and cabling to communicate with your scanner(s). 1. From the Communications drop down menu, select Configure Multidrop to bring up the Multidrop Settings dialog. 2. If necessary, change the default address to match the address of your multidropped scanner and click OK. If the hose serial port is not connected in ESP, you will see the following popup message: ESP is not currently connected to the multidrop concentrator. Do you wish to establish a connection now? 3. Click Yes. You will see the Serial Communication Parameters dialog as shown here: Notice that the Force Connection option is checked. Do not change this. 4. Select the concentrator's host port communications settings. When you click on Connect, you will be connecting to your concentrator, which can then relay commands to the scanner whose address was set in the Multidrop Settings dialog. 5. Click Connect 6. You should see the Connected message in green at the bottom of the window and the scanner's Multidrop address. 7. Do Retrieve as Program to upload scanner's configuration. If upload fails, return to the Serial Communications Parameters dialog and make the corrections. 8. Follow the same procedure for connecting other scanners to your multidrop network. For more information, see your scanner user's manual or Microscan's MS-5000 Multidrop Concentrator User's Manual. Note: If setting up a Quadrus scanner for multidrop, the concentrator's Turnaround TImeout must be set at 35 ms more...
   
   
2. How do I consider read range and scan width with the MS-911?
   1. Verify that the bar code to be scanned will pass through the readable range. Optimum decode rates can be expected at the center of the depth of field (half-way between minimum and maximum range) for a given bar code density. 2. Note the approximate scan width at the specific distance the bar code will be passing through. Read range is the distance from the scanner in which a passing bar code can be read. For the MS-911, read range varies from 1-9 inches (standard model) depending on bar code density and optical version of scanner. Scan width is that distance across the scan arc in which a bar code can be read. For a moving bar code, the closer to the scanner, the shorter the time it will be within the scan width, and hence the fewer scans it will receive. more...
   
   
3. How do I mount my Quadrus 2D code reader?
   1. Position Quadrus at the correct distance from your symbols. 2. If using a ultra high density model, your reader should be placed 2 inches from the symbol. If using the high density, the reader should be 4 inches from the symbol. If using the low density, the reader should be 5 inches from the symbol. Note: See Quadrus Specifications on page A-2 of your manual for Quadrus mounting dimensions. more...
   
   
4. How do I setup Quadrus for a moving label appliation?
   When you click Dynamic Setup, you see the Dynamic parameters (figure 1-9) which allow you to set yo for multiple symbols and adjust the time delay between the appearance of a moving lbject (as sensed by an external object detector) and the arrival of its associated symbols in the center of the reader's biew. You can also go back to statis setup and adjust shutter time, etc. in the Illumination dialog box and retest in "Dynamic Setup." For complete info on setting up Quadrus from a dynamic (moving labels) application, see "Dynamic Setup" in your user manual. more...
   
   
5. How to save settings done to Quadrus 2D code reader.
   Using the Send/Recv dialog box, you can save your current settings to the reader by clicking SEND/NO SAVE. You can also save your current settings to the reader for power-up by clicking SEND/SAVE. Once you've arrived at sarisfactory settings for a particular symbol or operation, you may want to save these settings to a file on your host computer by usting the File/Save As function and creating a file name that relates to your symbol or application. This allows you to continue on and make additional changed to your scanner without losing the originals. See also "interface" in your user manual for other save/reset/recall operations. NOTE: Allow at least 3 seconds after saving before sending a command or starting another operation. more...
   
   
6. Is the MS-500 compatible with products other than Microscans?
   The MS-5000 can communicate with any RS-485 device that follows the same Multidrop protocol. The only other company we know of that follows the same protocol is Intermec. more...
   
   
7. test
   test more...
   
   
8. What are you referring to when you say that scanners are in a multidrop configuration?
   Multidrop configuration refers to up to 50 scanners being connected and linked to a concentrator or controller. The concentrator send data to the host. more...
   
   
9. What does Daisy Chain mean?
   Daisy Chain is what we call a configuration where a master scanner is linked directly to a host. Slave scanners (up to 9) are linked in tandem. Data is sent from each scanner directly to the host. more...
   
   

ESP Software:
There are no FAQs in this group

General Issues:

1. Do you have a simple PC program that can import the data from a serial port to the application (MS-7080).
2. Does the 6 inch Universal Stand for the MS-710 come with a base plate?
3. Have two MS-850 scanners and would like to use a common power supply and trigger. How you do this?
4. How can I acquire or gain more information on the software that allows Quadrus to function with more triggering options?
5. How can I set up my application so that the output is stamped with the time and date of when the bar code was scanned and decoded?
6. How can right angle mirrors benefit my application?
7. How do I best position my MS-911 bar code scanner?
8. How do I center the datamatrix symbol in the field of view of my Quadrus 2D coder reader?
9. How do I configure my scanner for multidrop using ESP software?
10. How do I install ESP?
11. How do I install the drivers into my Palm device so that I can use it to program my MS-880?
12. How do I locate the symbol that I am trying to read with the Quadrus 2D code reader?
13. How do I mount the MS-911 to my mounting surface?
14. How do I retrieve settings from the scanner using ESP?
15. How do I scan just a portion of a label while using matchcode?
16. How do I select a scanner within ESP?
17. How do I set up a Quadrus to read a static label
18. How do I set up a symbol distance that I will be using in my application?
19. How do you choose a communications port within ESP software?
20. How do you reset the settings in the MS-710 back to the factory default?
21. How to adjust the various things that may improve read rates on labels.
22. How to attach cabling to your MS-850.
23. How to attach the accessories to the MS-610
24. How to automate setting up the contrast, thresholds, ECC levels, background color, margin settings of Quadrus in order to optimize it's readability.
25. How to calculate the number of scans your label should receive.
26. How to configure the MS-850 scanner.
27. How to configure the scanner for communication.
28. How to connect accessories to the MS-880 with wiring box.
29. How to connect accessories to the stand alone version of the MS-880.
30. How to connect your scanner with the auto connect feature in ESP
31. How to establish communications with the MS-880 long range scanner.
32. How to establish host communications with your MS-850, industrial scanner.
33. How to increase the number of scans on a given label.
34. How to increase the number of scans with your MS-850 scanner.
35. How to install the MS-610 bar code scanner.
36. How to make changes to your scanners configuation and then save the updates
37. How to order the software that allows the MS-710 to read Code 39 and 93
38. How to perform a read rate test with our MS-610.
39. How to permanently mount the scanner.
40. How to position both the bar code scanner and label sample for best results.
41. How to position the bar code label that is at the right distance for your application.
42. How to position your scanner for mounting depending upon application demands.
43. How to request PDF417 software for your MS-710 as well as details about the bar code symbology
44. How to set raster height and sweep rate on the MS-850.
45. How to test decode rate with a moving label.
46. How to test the decode rate of my scanner using ESP
47. How to test the decode rate with a static label sample.
48. How to test your bar code label using the MS-880.
49. How to use the Autocalibration feature on you MS-880 scanner.
50. How to use the MS-710 with RS-422/485 without an IB-105 interface box
51. How to use the MS-sensor option of our MS-710 to enables you to track a noreads
52. How to user the keyboard wedge to bypass the RS-232 port connection and input scanned data to a host via the keyboard line.
53. How to verify read range and scan width
54. I didn' t receive software to configure scanner, where can I get it?
55. There is an option called good decode reads, how does this work?
56. What are the parameters of symbol size on the Quadrus?
57. What does the message "scan sync not present' mean?
58. What sort of health and safety information do you have on the beam emitted from your MS-7080 scanner?
59. What to cosider in regards to read rance and scan width.
60. Which software is used to configure an MS-610?

1. Do you have a simple PC program that can import the data from a serial port to the application (MS-7080).
   You will need a keyboard wedge. The keyboard wedge converts the scanner RS-232 output into Keyboard data. There are two types of keyboard wedges: software wedge and hardware wedge. The software wedge is a computer program that will accept RS-232 data from the serial port and convert the data, then put it in the keyboard buffer. The hardware wedge daisy chains with the keyboard into the keyboard port. The hardware wedge will accept RS-232 on one side, then convert to keyboard data which is then sent to the keyboard port. more...
   
   
2. Does the 6 inch Universal Stand for the MS-710 come with a base plate?
   The 6 inch stand and the base plate are sold as 2 individual items; it is not necessary to use the base plate with the stand. Also, don't forget the adapter plate to mount the MS-710 to the 6 inch stand. more...
   
   
3. Have two MS-850 scanners and would like to use a common power supply and trigger. How you do this?
   The MS-850 input can run anywhere from 10 to 28 volts. Just make sure your power supply has enough output to support the number of scanners you install. Power requirement is 10-28 VDC 200 mV p-p max. ripple, 2.7 watts (per scanner) rated 24 VDC. As long as you follow the input specs, you should have no problem. more...
   
   
4. How can I acquire or gain more information on the software that allows Quadrus to function with more triggering options?
   All of the triggering software and real-time control features discussed in the bulletin located below area readily available with any Quadrus model. more...
   
   
5. How can I set up my application so that the output is stamped with the time and date of when the bar code was scanned and decoded?
   The MS-5000 allows time and date stamping. These commands are located in the Time Keeping menu. All other MS-5000 software commands remain unchaged. This feature is readily available with the standard MS-5000 model. TO learn more about the outputs, configurations, and commands, view the software product bulletin in the link below: more...
   
   
6. How can right angle mirrors benefit my application?
   1. Right angle mirrors redirect the laser beam to allow for better positioning of the scanner where space is limited. 2. Right angle mirrors expand the scan width at closer read ranges. 3. This option is available for the following models: a) MS-520 b) MS-610 c) MS-710 d) VS-310 Click the link below for this hardware option's product bulletin more...
   
   
7. How do I best position my MS-911 bar code scanner?
   1. Position the scanner in a place devoid of sunlight, bright lights, or laser light from other sources. 2. Avoid excessive tilt, skew, or pitch. Maximum tilt is determined by label characteristics and the number of scans required. Maximum skew is +/- 40 degrees; maximum pitch is +/- 50 degrees. 3. Pitch label slightly to avoid specular reflection, the return of direct, non-diffused light. For the MS-911, pitch angles between +3 and +5 degrees should be avoided since they may cause specular reflection, the return of direct, non-diffuse light. NOTE: Another way to avoid specular reflection is to skew the scanner slightly in relation to the symbol. more...
   
   
8. How do I center the datamatrix symbol in the field of view of my Quadrus 2D coder reader?
   When an object is detected in the field of view (FOV), it is represented by a red or green outline in the Locate Label dialog box window. If the outline is Red, the object could be a symbol that has not yet been decoded. If green, the object is a symbol that has successfully been decoded. a) While watching the response of the outline(s) inside the Locate Label dialog box window, reposition the label or Quadrus (without changing the recommended distance between them) until you've centered the label in the window. b) You will minimize specular reflection and improve your read rate if you are careful to set the Quadrus at least 15 degrees angle relative to a line perpendicular with the label. c) To confirm the Quadrus is looking at your sumbol, check Overlay option to see a compressed image. NOTE: In Overlay mode, there is approximately 1 second delay between image captures. NOTE: The read rate percentage, from 0 to 100, is indicated by the read rate bar below the message window (figure 1-6). NOTE: For in depth discussion of illumination parameters, see "Static Setup" in your user manual. more...
   
   
9. How do I configure my scanner for multidrop using ESP software?
   1. With the scanner connected to the host, do Retrieve as Program. 2. Select Multidrop in the Protocol configuration menu. You will see a warning message that reads: "You must change your preamble and postamble characters so that they are not CR." This allows data to move through the conecntrator without interface. 3. Click OK 4. Next, go to Preamble Message (still in the Protocol menu) and double-click on Characters. 5. This will open up an ASCII character table. Click on any character other than CR. For ecample, click on LF. 6. Do the same for Postamble. 7. Check the multidrop address. Enter a number from 01 to 50. 8. Right click in the dialog and select Save to Scanner for Power On. Your scanner is now in multidrop. From here on, you will need to use the concentrator to relay commands and data between the scanner and the host. more...
   
   
10. How do I install ESP?
    1. Insert your Microscan CD or download the file from www.microscan.com/esp 2. Launch Setup.exe under ESP_software\Multi_Platform and follow the prompts. (If downloading from the weeb, extract ESP WinZip files to a directory of your choice.) 3. Note where your ESP.exe file is stored on your hard drive. 4. Click and drag ESP.exe file to your desktop to create a shortcut for easy access. 5. Click the ESP icon to start the program. more...
    
    
11. How do I install the drivers into my Palm device so that I can use it to program my MS-880?
    What you need: 1. Palm Pilot with an IR port 2. PC with internet connect and hotsynch cradle 3. IrComm drivers 4. VT100 Terminal Emulator application (shareware) How to obtain the drivers: Drivers are available in a zipped file that is available online at http://www.palm.com/support/downloads/irenhanc.html Installing the drivers: (Read the "readme.txt" file in the zip file for complete instructions.) 1. Extract the file using a standard upzip utility. Save the 4 files in your Palm (or Pilot) directory which is usually found at C:\Palm or C:\Pilot) 2. Put the Palm Pilot in its cradle. 3. Launch Palm Desktop 3.0 on your PC. 4. Select the Install Tool icon. 5. Select the correct user name from the User list. Select the Add button. 6. Locate AMX.prc, IrLib.prc, SerialIrPanel.prc and SerIrCommLib.prc in the Palm or Pilot directory. Select the Add button for each of these files. 7. Select Done. 8. Perform a Hotsynch to load drivers in the Palm unit. 9. Select OK 10. User a paperclip to perform a soft reset on your Palm III. For more details, see "Soft Reset" in your index of the Basic Handbook manual included with your Palm III. 11. Go to the Prefs app, and select Serial/IR from the drop down list in the upper right hand corner. Tap the Infrared box to select infrared communications. You must restore the setting to Cradle in order to use the Hot-sync cradle. more...
    
    
12. How do I locate the symbol that I am trying to read with the Quadrus 2D code reader?
    1. Click the Calibration button in the ESP program. 2. Click the Locator tab. Unless you enabled One Shot for Serial Trigger, Calibration will put the Quadrus in a Continuous mode (overriding any other trigger settings), and cause it to search for images and symbols. When Quadrus finds an object that satisfies its criteria for a symbol, Quadrus displays it in the locator box as a polygon outline. The outline will be red if Quadrus detects an extraneous object or fails to decode a symbol. It will be green if a symbol is successfully decoded. more...
    
    
13. How do I mount the MS-911 to my mounting surface?
    The MS-911 scanner can be bottom mounted. To permantely mount the scanner: 1. Position the scanner in a place devoid of direct sunlight, bright lights, or laser light from other sources and at the correct range to read the bar codes. 2. Use the measurements in you user manual to locate centers of mounting holes. 3. Drill three .203 inch diameter holes CAUTION: Maximum penetration depth of screws is .30 inch CAUTION; To prevent twisting or distortion of the scanner housing, ensure that the mounting surface is flat. more...
    
    
14. How do I retrieve settings from the scanner using ESP?
    Retrieve as Program: This procedure is used to synchronize the program's settings with those in the scanner. Is is useful if you want to: 1. Modify a few settings and leave the remainder unchanged 2. Copy (upload) the scanner's settings and save them to a computer file for future use or to copy them to other scanners. To copy all of the scanner's settings to the program: 1. Right-click anywhere in the configuration window 2. Select Retrieve as Program 3. If you wish to save current settings to your computer, select Save or Save As in the File menu more...
    
    
15. How do I scan just a portion of a label while using matchcode?
    Using this customer software allows you to compare the entire label, but virtually any portion of it as well. You can even sequentially match a label whose numbers increase or decrease in order (a required feature for document handling applications). For match code operations and examples of applications, click the link below: more...
    
    
16. How do I select a scanner within ESP?
    1. When you start your ESP program a dialog box will appear. 2. In the dialog box, select the scanner model 3. Type in a file name, for example, MS-820-1 in the description box 4. Click OK to close the box and load the settings for that scanner. more...
    
    
17. How do I set up a Quadrus to read a static label
    1. Click the Illuminate tab to analyze and change illumination settings. 2. Click the Send button. If a decodable label is in your field of biew, you will see a compressed image of the symbol. 3. To see a histogram image, place the tip of your cursor anywhere in the image and double click. The goal here is to make the necessary adjustments to the illumination parameters to enable decoding and improve read quality. You can do this by analyzing quality output, histograms and line scans. 4. See "Static Setup" in your user manual for instructions on setting up and fine-tuning your reader. more...
    
    
18. How do I set up a symbol distance that I will be using in my application?
    You may find the test codes on the back of the CD jacket useful. (From top to bottom they are PDF417, 15 mil Code 39, and UHD 2D data matrix.) Code 39 is the default code type enabled. If you are uncertain as to the symbology type: 1. Send autodiscrimination command <P> from the terminal window to enable all codes, and 2. Right-click anywhere in the configuration window, and 3. Select Retrieve as Program. In positioning the scanner and symbols being scanned, consider the following: a) Avoid bright light or IR light from other sources, including other scanners b) Pitch or skew label or scanner plus or minus 15 degrees to avoid specular reflection, the return of direct, non-diffused light. more...
    
    
19. How do you choose a communications port within ESP software?
    1. Click on the connect button 2. Select your communications port under COM PORT COM1 is typicaly used for laptops. COM1 and COM2 are typically for desktop computers. more...
    
    
20. How do you reset the settings in the MS-710 back to the factory default?
    There are a couple of ways to set the scanner back to defaults. The first and easiest way is to use the IB-105 junction box. If you look on the front panel, between the power switch and power light, there is a pin hole. Inside the pin hole is a microswitch. To default the scanner, poke a paper clip into the hole. You will hear a series of beeps. Poke a second time within 2 seconds of the first and you will hear a higher tone, long beep. more...
    
    
21. How to adjust the various things that may improve read rates on labels.
    Range Adjusting the label's range, if possible, is one of the quickest and most effective ways to improve read rates. However, in some applications you may need to select a less than optimum range, or one that is beyond the fringes of the ranges. Scan Width Increading scan width will increase the number of scans in a picket fence oriented application. Scan width is linked with scan range and changing one will usually require a change in the other. Label Speed This applies to both picket fence and ladder oriented labels. If your application allows it, label speed, which is the distance covered in time(how many inches in one second),is an effective way to alter the number of scans. Label Dimensions, Label Density, and Label Ratio Not usually an option in most appliations, but changes to label parameters can affect number-of-scan calculations and possibly read rates. If your applciation allows it, shortening the length of a picket fence label means the label will be in the scan range longer and hence receive a greater number of scans. Increasing the height of a ladder label means it will receive more scans. Changing label density and/or bar code ratio is another way ranges, read rates, etc. can be altered. more...
    
    
22. How to attach cabling to your MS-850.
    The MS-850 has 3 external connections: 1. Host, a 25-pin D-subminiature 2. Trigger, 4-pin 3. Power, 3-pin more...
    
    
23. How to attach the accessories to the MS-610
    The MS-610 scanner uses a high-density, 15-pin, D-subminiature socket connetor for all input and output. Under ideal conditions, maximum cable lengths can meet the distances shown in table 1-4. However, since cable lengths and sizes are dictated by local conditions such as wire size, wire shape (flat or round), shielding, grounding, extraneous signal noise, etc., maximum cable distances will be variable. Max Distance Interface 50 feet RS-232 4000 feet RS-485 Multidrop 4000 feet RS-422 more...
    
    
24. How to automate setting up the contrast, thresholds, ECC levels, background color, margin settings of Quadrus in order to optimize it's readability.
    This database feature improved readability by actively employing up to 20 different image processing settings that can be tried to read an image. This is extremely helpful when the images being read are of varying contrasts which can be common with laser etched codes. For complete ordering information as well as the configurations, please see the link below. more...
    
    
25. How to calculate the number of scans your label should receive.
    To ensure reliable scanning, we recommend that you apply a minimum of five scans to each label. Use the formulas below to calculate the number of scans that your label will receive. If the number of scans you derive from one of these calculations is less than the minimum for your application, plug in the minimum number of scans and solve for another parameter that might be changed, such as label speed or scans per second. LADDER CALCULATION: (Label Height/Label Speed x Scan Rate) -3 PICKET FENCE CALCULATION: (Scan Width-Label Length/Label Speed x Scan Rate) -3 ANGLED PICKET FENCE CALCULATION: The number of complete scans for angled picket fence is calculated the same as that for picket fence, with the exception that the scan width is shortened in proportion to scan tilt. Scan Rate is the number of scans per second that a given scanner is capable of emitting Scan Width is the width across the scan beam, at a given distance from the scanner, in which a label can be read. Label Speed is the distance per second that a label moves as it travels throught the scan lines. Label Length is the length of the longest printed label to be read plus the length of the quiet zones. Label Height is a measurement of the height of individual bars. more...
    
    
26. How to configure the MS-850 scanner.
    You can make changes from the default settings by modifying individual ESP menus and saving those changed to the scanner. For explanations of menu configuration settings, see Chapter 2 of your user manual entitled "Menu Configuration." NOTE: When you save communications changes to the scanner, serial port settings are automatically matched. NOTE: You can check the scanner's settings at any time by clicking SEND/RECV and RECEIVE FROM SCANNER to receive the scanner's current settings into ESP. more...
    
    
27. How to configure the scanner for communication.
    Settings for communications, operations, code types, and user outputs are stored in non-volatile memory and can be configured from a host or auxilliary terminal by menu (Chapter 2 of user manual) or serial command (Chapter 3 of user manual). To establish communication you will need to match the host's or auxiliary terminal's communication settings with your scanner's settings. Also make certain that the code type enabled in the scanner matches that of the label being used. more...
    
    
28. How to connect accessories to the MS-880 with wiring box.
    1. Connect the scanner to the computer using the 9-pin connector. This port is useful for setting up, testing, and defaulting the scanner. 2. Connect power to the wiring box by applying power to the wiring box and confirming that the LED lamp next to the right side of the power terminal is green and not red. 3. Turn off power and plug the ribbon cable (provided with wiring box) into the scanner. 4. Attach scanner to the wiring box with the 4 screws provided with the scanner. NOTE: Refer to Chapter 2, "Wiring Box Option" in you user manual for complete input/output details. more...
    
    
29. How to connect accessories to the stand alone version of the MS-880.
    1. Connect the scanner to the computer using the 9-pin connector to connect with your computer. This port is used fo setting up, testing, and defaulting the scanner. 2. Connect Power supply to the scanner by attaching the power supply to the 3-pin connnector on the bottom of the scanner. more...
    
    
30. How to connect your scanner with the auto connect feature in ESP
    Note: If you are setting up a defaulted or new scanner for the first time, the communications values of the scanner should match those of the program. For the MS-880, you will be presented with the options HOST PORT (25-pin port) and Config Port (15-pin port). 1. Click on the Start button in the Auto Connect dialog 2. Allow time for the auto connect routine to test all of the combinations for the auto connect routine to test all of the combinations. You will see a blue progress bar fill across the Auto Connect dialog. 3. When connected, the Connected message will appear in a green box in the status bar on the bottom right of the dialog. 4. If connection fails, enable a different Com port and try again. Note: If you do not see either CONNECTED or DISCONNECTED message at the bottom of your dialog, try expanding the ESP window horizontally. more...
    
    
31. How to establish communications with the MS-880 long range scanner.
    Once cabling connections have been made, you are ready to establish communications with either a 3rd party terminal program (Hyperterminal or similar program) using the embedded menus or with a Windows 95 or higher operating system, including Windows NT running Microscan's ESP. 1. By ESP (Easy Setup Program) a) Double-click the ESP icon b) Make the communications port selection in Serial Port (Usually COM 2 for desktops and COM 1 for laptops.) c) With your host connected to the 9-pin configuration port, set your host communications settings as follows: 57.6K baud, 8 Data Bits, 1 Stop Bits and None Parity. NOTE: The 9-pin configuration port settings are fixed. 2. By Embedded Menu a) With your host connected to the 9=pin configuration port, set your host communications settings as follows: 57.6K baud, 8 Data Bits, 1 Stop Bits, and None Parity. b) Make the communications port selection. (Usually COM 2 for desktops and COM 1 for laptops.) NOTE: The 9-pin configuration port settings are fixed. IMPORTANT: To receive bar code data through the configuration port, you must enable the port with the following command: <K146,,1>. more...
    
    
32. How to establish host communications with your MS-850, industrial scanner.
    To set up the host communications, from the ESP main menu: 1. Select Serial Port and Configure from the pull-down menus. 2. Make the port selection from Serial Port options COM 1 throught COM 8. (Usually COM 2 for desktop and COM 1 for laptops.) 3. Click the Auto Baud button or select Auto Baud from Serial Port pull down menu. ESP will cycle through the various baud, etc. combinations until communications are established (look for the CONNECTED banner on your screen), you interrupt the search by clicking the Stop button, or the cycle is completed without connecting and a DISCONNECTED banner appears on your screen. Allow some time for the auto baud routine to test most of the combinations. You can watch this at the bottom of the dialog box. Once it has found it, it will change the host's settings to match the scanner. The default settings for the MS-850 scanner are 9600 baud, Even Parity, 7 Data Bits and 1 Stop Bits. more...
    
    
33. How to increase the number of scans on a given label.
    Where possible, you can increase the number of scans a label received by: 1. Increasing label height 2. Decreasing label length 3. Increasing scan rate (spinning mirror speed) 4. Slowing label speed more...
    
    
34. How to increase the number of scans with your MS-850 scanner.
    Once you've mounted the scanner and established a good read rate with a stationary label, try to establish a good read with a moving label. To ensure reliable scanning, you need to apply a minimum of five scans to each label. This means that all variables, label speed, raster height, raster speed, read range, etc., are significant. To calculate in advance the number of scans that the label will receive, use the formulas described in "Formulas for Number of Scans" in your user manual. more...
    
    
35. How to install the MS-610 bar code scanner.
    The MS-610 can be mounted directly to a mounting surface of your choice, or indirectly, via a mounting plate. To permanently mount the scanner: 1. Position the scanner in a dry place, devoid of sunlight, bright lights, or laser light from other sources. Before mounting, ensure sufficient clearance at the rear of the scanner to allow for the 15-pin connector and cable. If not using the mounting plate accessory, use the measurements provided in your user manual to locate centers of mounting holes and drill four 5/32 inch holes. If using mounting plate accessory, use the four perimeter holes to mount the plate and mount scanner directly to the four inner holes on the plate. Secure the scanner with four 6-32 screws. more...
    
    
36. How to make changes to your scanners configuation and then save the updates
    1. Double click on the setting )for example, the End of Read Cycle). 2. Place your pointer in the selection box, scroll down to the setting you wish and click on the setting. 3. Click again on the open screen to complete the selection. 4. Right click on the open screen and select Save to Scanner to implement the command in the scanner. You have 3 choices: a) In Memory. This activates all changes in current memory. These changes will be lost upon power on. b) For Power On, not factory. This will cause the scanner to beep, indicating that the change has been activated and all changes have been saved to the scanner for power on, except factory settings. c) For Power On, including factory. Same as above, except that changes to factory settings will also be preserved for power on. Note: consult your model specific user's manual for a list of factory settings. more...
    
    
37. How to order the software that allows the MS-710 to read Code 39 and 93
    The full ASCII Code 39 and Code 93 software option is readily available with select Microscan products. If you are interested in using this option, please see the link below and call us at (425) 226-5700 more...
    
    
38. How to perform a read rate test with our MS-610.
    To begin the read rate test: 1. Position the label in front of a functioning scanner; enter the <C> command from the host terminal to launch the read rate test. 2. Observe read rate. 3. Check depth-of-field (minimum/maximum range) by moving the label closer and further relative to the scanner and noting the points where the read rates fall below a level acceptable to your application. Ideally, the label used in your application should pass through or near the center of the depth-of-field. 4. Repeat steps 1-3 for other labels used in your application and end the read rate test with the <J> command. more...
    
    
39. How to permanently mount the scanner.
    The MS-850 scanner can be top or bottom mounted. To permantently mount the scanner: 1. Position the scanner in a place devoid of direct sunlight, bright lights, or laser light from other sources and at the correct range to read the labels. 2. For top mount, drill two .16 inch diameter holes. For bottom mount, drill two .203 inch diameter holes. CAUTION: Maximum penetration depth of screws is .29 inch for top mount or .15 inch for bottom mount. CAUTION: To prevent twisting or distortion of the scanner housing, ensure that the mounting surface is flat. more...
    
    
40. How to position both the bar code scanner and label sample for best results.
    Before testing the read rate, you will nedd to position the scanner and label in a manner that matches as nearly as possible the actual conditions of your application. 1. Postion the scanner and label, taking care to avoid excessive tilt, skew, or pitch. 2. Pitch label (or scanner) slightly up or down to avoid specular reflection, the return of direct, non-diffused light. Another way to avoid specular reflection is to skew the scanner slightly relative to the label. more...
    
    
41. How to position the bar code label that is at the right distance for your application.
    1. Set up a bar code label at the scanning distance you will be using in your application. NOTE: Code 39 is the derailt code type enabled. If you are uncertain as to the symbology type, send autodiscrimination command. When connected to the 9-pin connector, send <P> from the termina window to enable all codes (see Chapter 5 in your user manual, "Codes" for individual code configuration). In positioning the scanner and symbols being scanned, consider the following: 2. Ensure that you place your bar code label within the ranges specified for your symbol's density. 3. Avoid bright light or IR light from other sources including other scanners. 4. Pitch or skew label plus or minus 5 degrees to avoid specular reflection, the return of direct, non-diffused light. more...
    
    
42. How to position your scanner for mounting depending upon application demands.
    Before permanent mounting: 1. Position the scanner and label, taking care to avoid excessive tilt, skew, or pitch. Maximum tilt is determined by label characteristics and the number of scans required. Maximum skew is +/- 40 degrees; maximum pitch is +/- 50 degrees. 2. Pitch label slightly to avoid specular reflection, the return of direct, non-diffused light. The specular reflection zone is a narrow zone straight out from the scanner in which direct reflected light from a label can distort the scanner's ability to distinguish bars from spaces. For the MS-850 raster scanner, specular reflection is avoided by pitching labels at least 5 degrees plus or minus from a line perpendicular to the raster mirror. NOTE: Another way to avoid specular reflection is to skew the scanner slightly in relation to the label. more...
    
    
43. How to request PDF417 software for your MS-710 as well as details about the bar code symbology
    PDF stands for Portable Data File. It is this portability factor that distinguishes PDF417, and all 2D codes from traditional linear codes. Please contact Microscan if you need your MS-710 to read PDF417. We created a product bulletin which explains this software option; it is embedded in the link below. Please call us at (425) 226-5700 to order. more...
    
    
44. How to set raster height and sweep rate on the MS-850.
    Raster height is set by defining the Top Offset and Bottom Offset in the Raster Controls menu and visually confirming that the resulting raster pattern matched your requirements. See Raster Setup in your user manual for more detailed information. IMPORTANT NOTE; The maximum raster height will be constrained by the sweep rate you have selected: Raster Sweep Angle Sweeps Per Sec. 1-10 degrees 30 11-20 degrees 20 21-36 degrees 10 Raster Sweep is the number of times the raster beam traverses its arc, up or down, in a second. Slower settings are generally preferred since they will product more reads. more...
    
    
45. How to test decode rate with a moving label.
    Once you've mounted the scanner and established a good read rate with a stationary label, you can repeat the test with a moving label. To ensure reliable scanning, you need to apply a minimum of five scans to each label. This means that all variables, label speed, raster height, taster speed, read range, tec., are signigicant. To calculate in advance the number of scans that the label will receive, use the formulas described in "Formulas for Number of Scans" of your user manual. more...
    
    
46. How to test the decode rate of my scanner using ESP
    1. Click on the Utilities button 2. Right click on Read Rate and Select Start 3. Observe rate in terminal window on the right on your screen 4. To end test, right click on Read Rate and select the Stop button. more...
    
    
47. How to test the decode rate with a static label sample.
    Follow the steps listed to do a decode test: 1. Position the label in front of a functioning scanner, click on the Utilities button, and in the Read Rate dialog either click the Percent or Decodes/Sec radio button and click Start, or enter the <Cp> or <C> command from the host terminal to launch test. 2. Observe rate. (The percent or decode rate is added to the front of the data string.) 3. End the test by clicking the Stop button or the <J> command. NOTE: If, after making adjustments, you have changed the read range or another parameter used in the number of scans formula, you should recalculate the number of scans (see "Formulas for Numbers of Scans" in your user manual). NOTE: Variations between labels are common. For this reason, the greater number of sample labels you test, the more likely you are to achieve optimum decode rates. more...
    
    
48. How to test your bar code label using the MS-880.
    If autocalibration passes, the scanner sends data to your computer and emits a beep for each good read. You can now move your symbol towards the scanner and away from the scanner until the decodes drop off in each direction. This will give you a sense of the depth of field (inner and outer ranges) for the label density and range of your current settings. NOTE: If scanner is in the default Continuous Read mode, it will read the beep repeatedly as long as a readable label remains in the read range and the read cycle configuration has not changed. IMPORTANT: To receive bar code data through the 9-pin configuration port, you must enable the port with the following command: <K146,,1>. NOTE: See Chapters 3 through 8 of your user manual for individual serial commands, onboard menus, and ESP navigation. more...
    
    
49. How to use the Autocalibration feature on you MS-880 scanner.
    a) Start Autocalibration by sending <@CAL> command from your terminal. Notice that after a few seconds the scan beam will begin to sharpen as it focuses in on your symbol. An Autocalibration in Progress message will be displayed on your monitor along with other information. Allow some time for the scanner to cycle through the focus, gain, and tracking settings. Do not move or disturb scanner or label while Autocalibration is in progress. (It might take 2 to 3 minutes to complete) 2. When completed, the settings that provided the hightest read rate will be selected. You will see one of the following messages: Autocalibration Passed, Autocalibration Failed, or Original Settings were Optimal. After autocalibration has passed, the scanner will automatically exit the autocalibration routine and if in Continuous Read mode will begin scanning for a label. 3. If you are using the 9-pin configuration port you will not be able to see data on your screen unless you send a <K146,,1> command. NOTE: If you wish to silence the beeper, interrupt reading by removing or blocking the test label, or send a <K702,0> command to disable the beeper. NOTE: See Chapter 10 in your user manual, "Calibration," for more details on calibration. more...
    
    
50. How to use the MS-710 with RS-422/485 without an IB-105 interface box
    The RS-485 version MS-710 scanner offers the most direct and cost-effective multidrop method while the RS-232 model paired with the IB-105 is the most user friendly. Details on comparing the MS-710 multidrop methods as well as diagrams of these options are available within the link below. more...
    
    
51. How to use the MS-sensor option of our MS-710 to enables you to track a noreads
    The MS-sensor accessory option is readily available with the MS-710 scanners. Please note the FIS number when ordering. For complete details on this hardware option, click the link below. more...
    
    
52. How to user the keyboard wedge to bypass the RS-232 port connection and input scanned data to a host via the keyboard line.
    The keyboard wedge is inserted between the keyboard, scanner, and host. Scanned data appears to the host as if it were typed in from the keyboard. Each wedge is shipped with a manual that includes readable bar codes for setup. For complete details, view the product bulletin by clicking the link below. more...
    
    
53. How to verify read range and scan width
    Scan width is that portion of the scan line which a label can be read. For ladder oriented labels, scan width must only be wide enough to fully cover the label length, including quiet zones. With picket fence oriented labels, scan width is a factor in determining the time in which the label can be read. Readabe ranges and maximum scan widths for specific bar code density (narrow-bar-width) types. Use the table on pabe 1-3 of your user manual as a reference to verify that the planned range for your label falls within one of the corresponding ranges. more...
    
    
54. I didn' t receive software to configure scanner, where can I get it?
    Our ESP software is available for download at http://www.microscan.com/esp more...
    
    
55. There is an option called good decode reads, how does this work?
    This feature is used to increase reliability and to ensure that the correct data is output. It requires the scanner to successfully decode a symbol x number of times (not consecutively) before it outputs. If it does not achieve the number of good reads during the cycle, then a noread will be output. Note: be sure to set the value within the determined scan rate for the scanning setup so that the scanner is capable of scanning a symbol the required number of times. more...
    
    
56. What are the parameters of symbol size on the Quadrus?
    The maximum symbol size for Quadrus varies depending on the reader density and the element size of the code being read. If you take a look at page 2 of the Quadrus Specification Sheet, you will see a table that explains maximum symbol size as well as field of view and focal length. more...
    
    
57. What does the message "scan sync not present' mean?
    The message "scan sync not present" is a message that refers to a hardware problem. This message means that either the motor is not running, the laser is not on, or there is a problem with the electronics inside the scanner. When performing the read rate test, make sure that you can see a laser line coming out of the scanner. If there is a laser line coming out, and the message "scan sync not present" appears, you will need to contact your distributor for an RMA. If you do not see a laser line, click on the scanner tab, then the button labeled 'Motor on', then the button labeled 'Laser on'. If no laser line comes out, there is a hardware failure with either the motor or the laser; you will need to contact your distributor for an RMA. If the laser does appear, you should be able to go back to read rate and perform your test; if so, double check your scanner configuration. more...
    
    
58. What sort of health and safety information do you have on the beam emitted from your MS-7080 scanner?
    The laser in the MS-7080 is CDRH Class 2 laser, 670 nM with less than 5 mW output. There will be no damage to skin, but do avoid direct eye contact with the beam output - prolonged exposure will cause eye damage. more...
    
    
59. What to cosider in regards to read rance and scan width.
    1. Verify that the labels to be scanned will pass throught the readable range. Optimum decode rates can be expected at the center of the depth of field (halfway between minimum and maximum read range) for a given bar code density. 2. Note the approximate scan width at the specific distance the labels will be passing through. Read range is the distance from the scanner in which a passing label can be read. For the MS-850, read range varies from 2 to 25 inches (standard model) depending on label density and optical version of scanner. Scan width is that distance across the scan arc in which a label can be read. For a moving label, the closer to the scanner, the shorter the time it will be within the scan width, and hence the fewer scans it will receive. more...
    
    
60. Which software is used to configure an MS-610?
    To configure the MS-610 you can use a terminal or terminal program running on a PC. A common application that comes stock with Windows is Hyper Terminal. Follow these steps: 1. Open HyperTerminal: Click on Start Programs Accessories HyperTerminal(folder)Hypertrm.exe 2. Give the session a name and an icon then click OK 3. When prompted to install a modem click Close 4. When the phone number box pops up select connect using: com port the scanner is connected to and click OK 5. COM properties pops up set the following: Bits per second: 9600 Data bits: 7 Parity: Even Stop bits: 1 Flow control: none 6. Click OK 7. Read sample code 39 bar code 8. Change COM settings by selecting File Properties then click the configure button. 9. Set the values per step 5 10. Click OK 11. Apply the settings: Call Disconnect Call Connect 12. The status bar at the bottom of the screen should show 3 boxes: 13. You are now connected more...
    
    

Industrial Bar Code Scanners:

1. How do you reset the factory default settings on an MS-3000?
2. How do you reset the factory default settings on an MS-610 scanner?
3. How do you set the adaptive threshold value on the Quadrus?
4. How does the raster on/off feature work on the MS-850?
5. What is the current draw for the power supply when it is powering an MS-610?

1. How do you reset the factory default settings on an MS-3000?
   When you attempt to default the MS-3000, follow this procedure. (Note: Defaulting the scanner will loose all configuration. Make sure you have a copy of the configuration). You can default the scanner by shorting the Default pin to signal ground (see diagram in user manual). This can be done with a mating connector this is made up with a jumber between the two pins, or by using a wire to short the pins. CAUTION: Be certain that the correct pins are shorted. Shorting the wrong pins can cause serious damage to the scanner. To default follow the following steps: 1. Turn power to the scanner ON 2. Locate default pin and scanner ground, make a note of these pins. 3. Momentarily short the two pins using the mating connector or jumper wire. Listen for a series of beeps. 4. Within 3 seconds, short the two pins again. A longer beep should be heard. 5. If no second beep is heard, repeat the process. The default pin is a direct line into the processor of the decoder. If the MS-3000 does not default, then there is a hardware problem, the decoder will need to be serviced. more...
   
   
2. How do you reset the factory default settings on an MS-610 scanner?
   NOTE: Defaulting the scanner by shorting the default pin to signal ground (pins 8 and 4 of HD15 connector, pins 7 and 11 of DB25 connector). This can be done with a mating connector that is made up with a jumper between the two pins, or by using a wire to short the pins. To default: 1. Turn power to the scanner ON 2. Locate default pin and scanner ground, make note of these pins 3. Momentarily short the two pins using the maring connector or jumper wire. Listen for a series of beeps. 4. Within 3 seconds, short the two pins again. A longer beep should be heard. 5. If no second beep is heard, repeat the process. more...
   
   
3. How do you set the adaptive threshold value on the Quadrus?
   Adaptive threshold value can be set in the calibration menu. For the Quadrus ESP V3.1, click on calibration, then illuminate. Click on more settings and you will see an option for threshold type. The default should be adaptive. For ESP-MP, click on the calibration button, and the threshold type should be on the tree to the left. Again, the default should be adaptive. more...
   
   
4. How does the raster on/off feature work on the MS-850?
   The MS-850 raster on/off feature works with the laser on/off feature. To enable raster on/off, first enable laser on/off. In ESP, click on menu, then output. Check the box that says Laser on/off. Click apply and send/save. (Note: make sure you receive from scanner before you send/save). Next, click on the raster set up button. Locate and check the box "read cycle on/off" then apply. You will also need to be in a triggered mode other than continuous or continuous 1 for the mode to work. more...
   
   
5. What is the current draw for the power supply when it is powering an MS-610?
   The power output is + 12V @ 1.5A, -12V @ 500mA, +5V @ 3.0A. The minimum power requirement for the MS-610 is +12V @ 80 mA, -12V @ mA, +5V @ 400 mA. more...
   
   

Legacy/Obsolete Products:

1. How do I attach cables to the Quadrus?
2. Is the MS-500 compatible with products other than Microscans?
3. Which software is used to configure an MS-610?

1. How do I attach cables to the Quadrus?
   1. Attach host cable to the 25-pin host connector. 2. Attach power cable to power connector. If using Microscan power supply, use PN 97-100004-07 (120V). 3. If used, attach trigger device to trigger connector. more...
   
   
2. Is the MS-500 compatible with products other than Microscans?
   The MS-5000 can communicate with any RS-485 device that follows the same Multidrop protocol. The only other company we know of that follows the same protocol is Intermec. more...
   
   
3. Which software is used to configure an MS-610?
   To configure the MS-610 you can use a terminal or terminal program running on a PC. A common application that comes stock with Windows is Hyper Terminal. Follow these steps: 1. Open HyperTerminal: Click on Start Programs Accessories HyperTerminal(folder)Hypertrm.exe 2. Give the session a name and an icon then click OK 3. When prompted to install a modem click Close 4. When the phone number box pops up select connect using: com port the scanner is connected to and click OK 5. COM properties pops up set the following: Bits per second: 9600 Data bits: 7 Parity: Even Stop bits: 1 Flow control: none 6. Click OK 7. Read sample code 39 bar code 8. Change COM settings by selecting File Properties then click the configure button. 9. Set the values per step 5 10. Click OK 11. Apply the settings: Call Disconnect Call Connect 12. The status bar at the bottom of the screen should show 3 boxes: 13. You are now connected more...
   
   

OEM/Embedded Bar Code Scanners:

1. How to configure the MS-911 high scanner scanner.
2. How to establish communications with you MS-911 bar code scanner.
3. How to test decode rates with a moving label.
4. How to test the decode rage with a static label.
5. What current model is a direct replacement for the MS-510 that is connected to a MS-3000 decoder?
6. What is the best color for a bar code label for the MS-610 scanner to read

1. How to configure the MS-911 high scanner scanner.
   You can make changes from the default settings by modifying individual ESP manus and saving those changes to the scanner. NOTE: You can check the scanner's settings at any time by clicking SEND/RECV followed by RECEIVE FROM SCANNER to receive the scanner's current settings into ESP. For explanations of menu configuration settings, see Chapter 2 of your user manual. NOTE: When you save communications changes to the scanner, serial port settings are automatically matched. As data is being received a blue bar will fill across the bottom of the dialog box. more...
   
   
2. How to establish communications with you MS-911 bar code scanner.
   To set up the host communications, from the ESP main menu: 1. Select Serial Port and Configure from the pull-down menus. 2. Make the port selection from Serial Port options COM1 through COM8. (Usually COM2 for desktops and COM1 for laptops.) 3. Click the Auto Baud button or select Auto Baud from Serial Port pull down menu. ESP will cycle through the various baud, etc. combinations until communications are established (look for the CONNECTED banner on your screen) or the cucle is completed without connecting and a DISCONNECTED banner appears on your screen. You can also interrupt the search by click the Syop button. Allow some time for the auto baud routing to test all of the combinations. You can watch this at the bottom of the dialog box. Once it has found it, it will change the host's settings to match the scanner. The default settings for the MS-911 scanner are 9600 baud, Even Parity, 7 Data Bits and 1 Stop Bits. more...
   
   
3. How to test decode rates with a moving label.
   Once you've mounted the scanner and established a good read rate with a stationary label, you can repear the test with amoving label. To ensure reliable scanning, you need to apply a minimum of five scans to each label. This means that all variables, label speed, read rance, etc., are significant. To calculate in advance the number of scans that the label will receive, use the formulas described in "Formulas for Number of Scans" on page A-11 in you user manual. more...
   
   
4. How to test the decode rage with a static label.
   1. Position the label in front of a functioning scanner, click on the Utilities button, and in the Read Rate dialog wither click the Percent or Decodes/Sec radio button and click Start, or enter the <Cp> or <C> command from the host terminal to launch test. 2. Observe rate. (The percent or decode rate is added to the fromt of the data string.) 3. End the test by clicking the Stop button or the <J> command. NOTE: If, after making adjustments, you have changed the read range or another parameter used in the number of scans formula, you should recalculate the number of scans (see "Formulas for Number of Scans" in your user manual). NOTE: Variations between labels are common. For this reason, the greater number of sample bar codes you test, the more likely you are to achieve optimum decode rates. more...
   
   
5. What current model is a direct replacement for the MS-510 that is connected to a MS-3000 decoder?
   Please see information on our MS-520 scanner. The MS-520 is an updated MS-510; the main difference is scan speed. The MS-510 scans at 200 scans per second and the MS-520 scans at 330 scans per second. On the outside, the scanner has the same case and interfaces to the MS-3000 decoder in the same way and uses the same cable. more...
   
   
6. What is the best color for a bar code label for the MS-610 scanner to read
   The best colors to print a car code are black and white. When making a bar code, you want as much contrast as possible between bars and spaces. If you have a green background, the best color should still be black. The best way to determine how well the code will read is to perform a read rate test. Through a terminal to the scanner, enter the read rate test by sending the command . The scanner will put a percentage on the screen. This percentage is an indication of how well the scanner reads the code. Try moving the scanner to different distances and ranges to get the best read rate (highest percentage). The value you get on the screen is a percentage of 200 scans per second (100% is 200 scans/second). This should give you an idea of how well the bar code will read. more...